IDENTIFYING ROOT CAUSES OF PROBLEMS : understanding Individuals, Process and Organisational barriers

INVIDUAL:

 Six  INDIVIDUAL Performance Barriers in Organisations

ITEM	Barriers to Performance	Sample Question About the Barriers
1.	Data	Does the individuals have sufficient and reliable information (such as purpose and expectations for the job and feedback on performance) to guide performance?
2.	Tools	Does the individual have all the resources needed to perform the work?
3.	Incentives	Are the financial and nonfinancial incentives adequate an based on performance?
4.	Knowledge	Is lack of knowledge (or skills) contributing to the problem?
5.	Capacity	Do the individual’s, physical, emotional and intellectual abilities match the job requirements?
6.	Motives	Does the person have the appropriate motives to perform this work well?

Gilbert (1978)

ORGANIZATION:
 Organizational Element Model

OEM MODEL

(Kaufman, 1992, 2005),  ( Rummler and Brache, 1995)

Process and Organization

ITEM	ELEMENT	DEFINITION	?SHOULD BE	WHAT IS?
1.	Input	The resources an organization uses	?	?
2.	Processes	The internal ways, means, methods, activities and procedures an organization uses to achieve desired results	?	?
3.	Products	The results produced within an organization	?	?
4.	Outputs	The end results delivered outside an organization	?	?
5.	Outcomes	The effects or payoffs for clients and society	?	?

3 layers : Org-processs-individual_ system-subsystem

# need SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DIAGNOSIS

Layers In  Analysing Systems

1) Surface structures ( interpersonal conflict-client dissactisfaction)
2) Deep structure (mission understanding)
3) Subtle Deep ( data pt info, xcross tine data)

Needs Assessment: Prioritizing Needs

Needs  versus Wants 

1)Definition  

Want: A want is something the client would like to have even though it does not contribute to the long term learning or performance goal. 

Need: contributes to achieving the desired learning or performance goal by closing the gaps betweenn the current condition and the desired goal

2) whose needs will the project address?

3) what kind of needs will the project address?

4) nature of needs : exist in complex systems that are interrelated and affect one another

5) issues

a) focus of needs assessment

b) kind frequently encounter

i) strategic or operational business needs

ii) individual performance needs

iii) learning needs